History of Artificial Intelligence

History  of  AI Technology 

    Artificial Intelligence is not a new word and not a novel technology for researchers. This technology is much older than you would imagine. So, let's have a brief understanding on AI.

    In 1943 the first work which is now recognized as AI was done by Warren McCulloch and Walter pits and it was the proposal of the model of artificial neurons. In 1949 Donald Hebb demonstrated a rule for modifying the connection strength between neurons and it was called Hebbian learning. Alan Turing who was an English mathematician and pioneered Machine learning in 1950, published "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" in which he proposed a test called a Turing test. This can check the machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to human intelligence.
    In 1955 Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon created the "first artificial intelligence program"Which was named as "Logic Theorist" while the word "Artificial Intelligence" first adopted by American Computer scientist John McCarthy at the Dartmouth Conference in 1956. This is the first time where AI or Artificial Intelligence came into field.

    This was the time where high-level computer languages such as FORTRAN, LISP, or COBOL were invented. From the start of 1966 algorithms were developed to solve mathematical operations and as a result Joseph Weizenbaum created the first chatbot, which was named as ELIZA. In 1972 the first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan which was named as WABOT-1. From 1974 a period known as AI Winter started and lasted till late 1980. This was the period where computer scientist dealt with a severe shortage of funding from government for AI researches.

    Soon after AI Winter "Expert Systems" came into the field. These were the programmes that emulate the decision-making ability of a human expert. In the Year 1980, the first national conference of the American Association of Artificial Intelligence was held at Stanford University. From 1987 to 1993 the second AI Winter started due to high cost for expert systems and due to lack of efficient results.
From the start of 1993 AI agents came into existence. IBM Deep Blue beats world chess champion Gary Kasparov, Entrance of Roomba as an AI vacuum cleaner and the beginning of Facebook, Twitter, and Netflix using AI technology were some of the popular incidents at the beginning of the golden years of AI technology.

    With the popularity of new AI technology IBM's Watson, Google now feature, Chatbot Eugene Goostman, The "Project Debater" from IBM and and Google Duplex came to the the field of of AI. Since then big data & machine learning concepts became popular throughout the years.

    Right now, we are in a rapidly developing era of AI with Open neural and autonomous technologies. We would be pleased to see further development of AI technology as soon as possible.

Neuralink technology

Article by -Sumithu.R